Anchor

Anchor is the standard development framework for building Solana programs (smart contracts), used by the vast majority of Solana developers. Created by Armani Ferrante, Anchor provides a Rust-based framework that dramatically simplifies Solana program development through its declarative macros, automatic account serialization, and built-in security checks. Developing Solana programs without Anchor requires extensive knowledge of raw account management, serialization, instruction handling, and security patterns. Anchor abstracts away much of this complexity — developers define accounts with derive macros, specify constraints declaratively, and the framework handles serialization, deserialization, and validation automatically. This reduces both development time and the surface area for security bugs. The framework includes a comprehensive testing toolkit that enables developers to write integration tests in TypeScript/JavaScript, simulating on-chain interactions without deploying to a live network. The Anchor IDL (Interface Description Language) automatically generates client-side TypeScript bindings, making it trivial to build frontends that interact with Anchor programs. Anchor has become so ubiquitous that most Solana developer tutorials, bootcamps, and documentation assume Anchor usage. Major protocols including Jupiter, Marinade, Drift, and countless others are built with Anchor. The framework is open-source and maintained by the Coral team, with regular updates that track Solana runtime changes and introduce new developer ergonomics.